Manhattan Project Essays (3447 words) - Manhattan Project

Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project Imagine a weapon so powerful that it could literally destroy the world, a weapon that vaporizes anything living thing within its radius. In an effort by the United States, which also involved the United Kingdom and Canada, was a project to design and build the first atomic bomb, the project was code named the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was one of the most secretive projects in the history of the United States. It took place during World War II and its purpose was to create a bomb by splitting atoms apart. This project was a success and created one of the most devastating bombs ever used by mankind, the atomic bomb. The president at the time, Harry S. Truman, had to face the many factors that were involved in making the decision to drop the bomb. In this paper I will discuss those and the events leading up to The Manhattan Project. The factors in dropping the bomb can be put into three categories: military, moral and political. I will also go into the scientific means of developing such a weapon. Albert Einstein was living in Germany at the time Hitler came into power. Albert Einstein, Edward Teller, Leo Szilard and the rest of his colleagues wrote a letter in August 1939 to warn the United States that Germany was researching and developing nuclear weapons. They were afraid that once Germany finished building the bomb, they would use it on the United States. (Cayton, Perry, Winkler, 1995, pg. 786). When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt received the letter, he was both amazed and scared. He was amazed that science could make such a devastating weapon, a weapon that could destroy an entire city. President Roosevelt then quickly assembled the Manhattan Project so they could build the bomb before Germany. The Manhattan Project started in 1942 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The name "Manhattan Project" was secretly coded as a United States effort in an attempt to build an atom bomb during World War II. It was named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the US Army Corps of Engineers, because most of the research was done in New York City. In Oak Ridge there were tests for separating a rare Uranium-235 (U-235) an unstable isotope from Uranium-238 (U-238). General Leslie Groves was chosen by President Roosevelt to lead the project. Grove's major task was to build the huge industrial facilities needed to separate the small amounts of rare uranium-235, uranium-238 and plutonium needed for a bomb. He built the facilities on an isolated mesa at Los Alamos, New Mexico. The project employed nearly 129,000 people. But out of those couple of thousands of scientists, there were six scientists who contributed to the project the most: Neils Bohr, Joseph Carter, Glen Seaborg, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feynman, and Albert Einstein. (Wyden, 1984, pg. 113) Albert Einstein predicted that mass could be converted into energy early in the century. The idea of energy from atoms comes from Einstein's equation: E=mc2. Atoms consist of three sub-atomic particles. The particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. The neutrons and protons are closely clustered to form the nucleus and the electrons orbit around the nucleus. The actual mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the neutrons and protons that make up the nucleus. The difference is the mass equivalent of the energy of formation of the nucleus from its constituents. The conversion of mass to energy follows Einstein's equation, E=mc2, where E is the energy equivalent to a mass, m, and c is the velocity of light. His theory was confirmed experimentally by John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton in 1932. In 1939, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission. (Lanouette, 1992, pg. 82) Fission is a process where certain nuclei of heavy atoms split up into two nearly equal parts when they are bombarded by neutrons. Neutrons are used to split the atom because they have no electrical charge. If scientist used a particle that has a positive charge, the uranium atom would repel the positive charge particle. (Taffel, 1992, pg. 790) Neils Bohr discovered that U-235 had the capability to create fission. To initiate fission, a nucleus from a

Negotiations Between Cultures

Negotiations Between Cultures International business has immensely been affected by culture, especially by the negotiation between cultures in the sense that it takes place among different nations. Businesses interact with cultures in their endeavor to achieve their objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiations Between Cultures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This relationship differs from culture to culture because every culture has a unique effect on the process of running business. Negotiation between cultures often determines the strategy and operation of business because cultures set the background of business operation (Rai Neelankavil, 2009). Business activities do not take place in a vacuum; in fact, the most flourishing business ought to be aware of alterations in the cultures along with societies where they operate. As society changes along with culture, commercial entities must adjust to survive, stay relevant and counter competition in the market. Therefore, it is obvious that businesses operate in societies which are governed by culture. Culture determines how a society operates and has a wide impact on the operations of any business enterprise. Businesses must learn how to operate in the cultural contexts of their areas; yet these environments change making the businesses vulnerable to several challenges that can threaten their survival and operation. To thrive and gain advantage over their competitors, businesses require adjusting to the cultural changes in societies and regions that they run in. Accordingly, business organizations have to shift from one cultural setting to another in their pursuit of the set business objectives. Such a movement requires businesses to develop a technique through which they can operate in different cultures using different methods (Tuleja et al, 2008). This is referred to as negotiating with culture. Every business must negotiate with culture in order to successfu lly operate. Negotiating in a society which culture is consistently changing, businesses must adapt fast in order to compete in such an environment. The second is the aspect of operating in different cultural setting where the businesses must negotiate with the different cultures. In all the spheres, negotiating with culture affects international business in a significant way, more particularly, through influencing the activities and mode of operation of the businesses in distinct cultural settings.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Owing to the fact that international business is all about operating beyond national boundaries, it is obvious that international companies should transverse numerous cultural settings in their endeavor to do business. Negotiations between cultures involve an endeavor by organizations to run business within different cultural settings by taking cognizance of the underlying cultural parameters that influence how it is done and develops a mechanism of overcoming any obstacles involved. The issues influenced by cultural negotiations include marketing, advertisement, business strategy and communication (Mitchel, 2000). These are the prime factors that determine the way a business operates in numerous cultural settings. Additionally, the tastes, needs and requirements of customers change from culture to culture making it possible for a business to properly understand culture in their places of operation. Culture is of profound implication to the existence and operation of business organization and a clear appreciation of culture along with its underlying parameters which are crucial for the success of businesses operating in the international market. Negotiation between cultures is a process through which businesses constructively interact with different cultures or the shifting nature of the same culture in the cour se of business activities. In essence, the way of negotiating with culture is different from one culture to another and has an immense influence on the process of conducting international business. Reference List Mitchel, C. (2000). A short course on international business culture. New York: World Trade Press. Rai, A. Neelankavil, J. (2009). Basics of international business. Washington: ME sharp.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiations Between Cultures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tuleja et al. (2008). Intercultural communication for business. Washington: Cengage Learning.

What Makes a Compelling Romance Novel

What Makes a Compelling Romance Novel What Makes a Compelling Romance Novel? Ann Leslie Tuttle worked at Harlequin Books - a division of HarperCollins - for over 20 years, most recently as a Senior Editor. During her tenure, she acquired and edited NYT and USA Today bestselling authors in romance, women's fiction, and mystery, including Sylvia Day, Julia London, Lisa Renee Jones, and Hank Phillippi Ryan.If you know how a story will end, why would you want to read the book? That’s the question that romance writers constantly struggle to answer. Readers come to the genre knowing they will (almost) always get a happy ending in which the protagonists find and profess their love.To entice readers, writers must therefore deliver a fresh premise with strong, evocative prose and pacing that gets to the heart of the story - usually beginning with the protagonists meeting in the first chapter. These will be the elements that usually prompt someone to pick up the book and start reading. Most importantly, the writer’s crafting of the two main characters and their emotional journeys is what will keep the reader hooked.Having been an editor working on romance titles for well over 20 years, I’ve seen both debut and experienced authors struggle to create compelling characters whose emotional push-and-pull is strong enough to sustain the length of the story. Over the years, I’ve pulled together my own list of trouble spots - and ways to surmount them - that I’d like to share with you now. See what makes a compelling romance novel here! Trouble Spot #1: CharacterizationThe best lesson I ever received in characterization was at a writers’ conference, where an author who was pitching me told me that she wrote horoscopes for a living. The writer took that skill and developed such detailed horoscopes for the hero and heroine in her story that she knew precisely who they were regarding their tastes and personalities, what obstacles they faced, what had occurred in their past or backstory, etc.While I wouldn’t recommend that every romance writer start building astrological charts, I would encourage you to make sure you really know who your protagonists are. Delve deeply into their stories so that they’re not just one-dimensional stereotypes. Indeed, the more (believable) hardships they’ve endured in the past, the more material you will have to mine.Keep in mind that while stories featuring large families are popular with readers, it can often be a challenge to write about a presumably tortured hero who comes from such a loving, happy home. But if he’s served in the military or lost a close friend in a childhood accident, he may have other emotional reserves upon which you can draw. id=attachment_15175 style="width: 910px" class="wp-caption aligncenter">"Oh, Mr. Darcy!" (image: BBC)In the end, it’s all about the emotional conflict our romantic leads must surmount that makes their story so compellingThe emotional conflict is not to be confused with the external one. The external conflict usually revolves around an issue of miscommunication, perhaps differing career and money goals - or if you want to kick it up a notch, an external threat. (This is particularly effective when one of the main characters is on the run, or in hiding.)For example, the heroine might have left town eight years ago, believing her high school boyfriend didn’t love her simply because he never got her note or phone call - this is the external conflict they must resolve if they want to patch things up. Or maybe the protagonists believe they can’t be together because one lives on the East Coast and the other on the West Coast. These kinds of conflicts can usually be o vercome by a heartfelt conversation or compromise, but it sometimes involves uncovering the main players in a global threat and taking them down.A strong emotional conflict boils down to either a question of trust or fear. For instance, if your hero lost his first wife to cancer, it’s understandable that he won’t want to run the risk of ever experiencing that all-consuming pain again. Or if the heroine shared her deepest secret with an ex who betrayed her trust, she’s probably reluctant to open up to a new partner.In each of these emotionally fraught cases, the conflict is deep and will require some growth on the part of your hero and heroine to recognize that, despite high stakes involved, love is worth putting oneself on the line.Even if one of your characters first realizes and even confesses their love, the resolution of the conflict should take up most of the book (Elizabeth and Darcy, anyone?). If you’ve created a conflict that is sufficiently compe lling, there should not be an instance where both the protagonists confess their love, only to be driven apart again by some external threat or unsolved thread.Yes, readers may know how your story ends. But with multi-faceted protagonists, emotional appeal, great plotting, and a strong conflict, they will still want to travel with the characters as they overcome each milestone on their journey to finding love.For more help with writing great romance, you can also take inspiration from any of the books on these lists:The 10 Best Historical Romance Novels Like OutlanderThe 25 Best Romance Authors and Their Must-Reads30+ Best Young Adult Romance Books That You Can't Miss Out On40+ Paranormal Romance Books with BiteWhat are some of your experiences writing romances? Share your thoughts in the comments below!

Substance requirement in global tax planning Research Paper

Substance requirement in global tax planning - Research Paper Example As tax planning possibilities increase for companies, particularly holding companies, the research paper agreed with Jourdan (2009) who found that â€Å"concerned states are eagerly trying to protect their tax base by developing anti-tax-avoidance legislation – often in ways that disregard the character of the activity conducted.† It is based on this recurring development that the research makes a very strong advocacy to companies to adapt radical means and measures of ensuring that the payment of taxes does not become a hitch to their financial growth. Part from the setting up of holding companies to be used in qualifying for tax exemptions, the research therefore concludes that companies could rather use re-basement of their assets. Some of the key findings made from the research paper on tax strategizing are given in the bullet points below: The key advantage associated with substance in international tax planning is that it helps the multinational company in better tracking its true financial assets with or without tax reliefs The use of claiming treaty benefit is one of the safest legal means of gaining legitimate reliefs from taxes.

Watch the movie Dracula Untold Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Watch the Dracula Untold - Movie Review Example Vlad decides to ask the vampire for assistance and the monster tells him that he could only get temporary power by drinking its blood. The creature warns him that he would become human again if he defies the deep yearning for human blood for three days. Vlad agrees to drink the creature’s blood, and he acquires sharp senses and more strength after few minutes. The creature’s blood also gives Vlad the capacity to change into a flock of bats. Regrettably, Vlad could stay under direct sunlight to avoid burning. McLaren writes that Vlad returns to Transylvania only to meet resistance from the Turkish soldiers. He kills them alone, but his wife dies trying to save their son (2). Vlad saves his city, and he later meets another woman called Mina. The film director leaves the viewers hanging by introducing the vampire that had cursed Vlad earlier. The film ends with the vampire uttering the words â€Å"Let the Games

Value of Time Essay Example for Free

Value of Time Essay The value of time is limitless, it cannot be measured. The value of time arises from the fact that human life is short but he has to do a lot of works within the short span of time. Each work requires some time. If the work is not finished in time, it may not be finished at all. That explains why time is so valuable and it should not be lost for nothing. Tome goes on like the tide of a river and it never waits for anybody. Lost time can never be found again. Misuse of time is a great crime and it makes life barren like a desert. He is really great who makes the most of every moment in useful works. Success is bound to come to his doorstep. Man should utilize time properly. He should be prepared to spend some time for reading, writing, taking rest and recreation. If he becomes forgetful of time, he is sure to lose and fail. No great work can be done without a strong sense of time. The children should learn the value of time from their childhood. They can learn it at home or at school from their parents, teachers and superiors. This can be better learnt from examples of their superiors. It is a part of discipline that makes life worthwhile and meaningful. Of course, to be loyal to time does not mean that one has to be a slave of time. Value of time ennobles a person and gives him fame. Slavery is blind subservience and should be abandoned. Value of time indicates that a person should not waste time; rather he should spend every minute in useful work. This will make his life worth living and glorious. . Introduction: The Value Of Time In Our Life And In This World Knows No Bound. Time Has Stated Its Match From The Very Beginning Of The Creation Of The World. This Very Ancient March Has No End. But We Have Been Sent This World. This Very Ancient March Has No End. But We Have Been Sent To This World For A Very Short Time. So, We Have No Alternative To Make Our Life Successful Without The Proper Use Of Time. Transistorizes Of Time: Time Never Stays For Any Body. It Just Goes On And On. The Popular Saying Goes- â€Å"Time And Tide Wait For None†. So, Every Moment Is Very Precious. Our Success Depends On The Best Use Of These Moments. We Must Make A Proper Division Of Our Time And Do Our Duties Properly. Only Then We Will Be Able To Go Forward And Reach Our Goal. On The Other Hand, In We Fail To Make The Right Use Of Our Time; We Will Have To Drag Miserable Existence. Lesson From History: History Provides Many Examples Of The Importance Of Time. One of Napoleon’s Generals Was A Few Minutes Late in Water-Loose Battle Field. As A Result, Napoleon Had To Face A Terrible Defeat. On The Other Hand, Robert Bruce, Abraham Lincoln, Einstein, Aristotle And Such Other Great Persons Led Their Lives To The Top Of Success Making The Best Use Of Time. Conclusion: We Are The Best Creation Of Allah. We Owe To Him Because He Has Sent Us To This Beautiful Earth. To Pay Off Our Debt To Some Extent, We Must Make Proper Use Of Time. Because Anything Good Can Be Done Or Achieved Only Through Making The Best Use Of Time. Write a Short Essay on the Value of Time by Devansha The most remarkable feature of time is its preciousness. Its value is unfathomable and its power is inestimable. Its potential is something which we cannot calculate. A minute is enough to win a victory. A second is enough to make you the richest man in the world. A fraction of a second can make a difference between life and death. Every moment brings with it thousands of golden opportunities. Every minute is a store-house of ‘chances’. Therefore, we must not allow such precious time to slip away. If we do so, we allow those golden opportunities and chances to slip away too. As we go through life, we realise for ourselves that, if there is anything in the world which will never come back, it is time. Once time crosses into the threshold of the past, it never again returns to the ‘present’. Those who have realised this basic truth of life, never allow time to pass away unused. To utilise time fruitfully, we must take concrete steps as to how we are going to use it and what we are going to do with it. Until and unless we set up a time-table for ourselves and make a general division of time for the various tasks and jobs at our hand, time will keep slipping away with its golden opportunities unnoticed. Unplanned living is the surest way to kill time. Those individuals who plan beforehand, seldom fail. They are able to start their work on time and are able to complete it in time. Having worked out every minute of the allotted time, they do not hurry. Planning and proper implementation of that always brings in success. Those who plan their living and activities seldom face heartaches, mental tensions and worries. A careful glance into the life history of successful men and women all over the world will reveal the basic truth that success is the outcome of planned utilisation of time. Therefore, if we want to succeed in life we ought to chalk out what we are going to do with the minutes, hours, days, months and years at our disposal. This is the first step to success. Secondly, work must never be postponed; tomorrow’ may never materialise. We can only be sure of the present’ which in our hands. Postponement and laziness are the ropes which strangle time. Thus, time can create us or destroy us. It all depends on how we utilise time. Time is said to be eternal. It is said that it has neither a beginning nor an end. Yet men are able to measure it as years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds. They have also given meanings to the words – past, present and future. True, time has a meaning. It moves. What was yesterday is not today. What is today will not be tomorrow. Yesterday is gone. Today is and tomorrow is yet to come. Yet time is said to have no holiday. It exists always. The entire creation moves on according to a time pattern. There is birth, growth and death. There is time for everything. Plants flower and give fruits. Seasons come according to time. A child is born, grows into boyhood, adolescence, youth, middle age and old age according to age and time. Every movement of creation is linked with time. One cannot grow paddy in a month nor can a child become an adult in a year. Everything is fixed to a time-frame. Time is a free force. It does not wait for any one. It is commonly said that time and tide waits for no man. Time is money. A minute not usefully spent is an eternal loss. You can never get back the lost minute. One has to strike the iron when it is hot. The time flies and never returns. If you waste time it wastes you. ‘Time is the best medicine’, says Ovid. It is said that time heals all wounds and it even heals what reason cannot. All human beings are emotional. When negative emotions like fear, anger, envy and jealousy overtake them, they lose reason and act in haste leading to serious consequences. They may repent later, as emotions cool down. But the damage done is done and remains forever. Even that damage can heal with the passage of time. People involved may forget and forgive. That is the importance of time and its healing touch. Time is said to be a wise counselor. Passage of time allows an individual to grow. This growth gives experience. Experience helps decision making. Time reminds you to act and to act wisely. The wisest make use of the time fruitfully. It is said that the wisest grieve the most at the loss of time. Those who do not know the importance of time, waste it or rather they spend it doing nothing. There is a proverb which says that killing time is not a murder; it is a suicide. It means, by wasting time one is not harming others. On the other hand one is harming himself. Ordinary people merely go on thinking how to spend their time. The wise and talented make use of it fruitfully. Some people always complain that there is no time fort them to do anything. That is not correct. If one wisely plans his activities, there will be time for everything happening according to time. A man who is a part of nature cannot complain against time. Time is powerful. It conquers all. Men are only to obey it. Man cannot say that he has nothing of his own. Time which is valuable is all his own. If you are not on time and miss the train, you miss it fore-ever. So also the time, once you miss it, it flies off. You can never catch it. Hence it is called fleeting time. Let us learn to use our time fruitfully. This is the key to success. The importance of time Time is really a wonderful thing. It can be defined satisfactorily. It has no beginning and no end. All things are born in time, grow in time and then decay and die in time. Time moves at its own pace. It cannot be commanded. It does not wait for kings or princess. It cannot be analyzed We are conscious of the passing time and its importance. We have developed clocks and watches to indicate its flow. We have invented dates, days and years to indicate and measure it in our own way, but it is really indivisible and immeasurable. People say time is money. But it is more precious than money. Money lost can be recovered, but not the time lost. A moment lost is lost for ever. Time is ever changing. Change is the law of nature. Nothing is independent of change or time. Man’s life is very short but the work is much and difficult. There are so much to do. Therefore, we should not waste even a single minute. Every breath, every second should be used properly and meaningfully. Our school work, home task, hours of rest and sleep, time of recreation and exercise, etc. , should be well planned and organized. We should never postpone doing good and important things. We should never be idle when we ought to be working hard. Leisure is enjoyable only after fruitful hardwork. It is our duty to not to leave any work till tomorrow that can be done today and now. We should not waste time. Actually, nobody can waste time. It is we who are being wasted by time. Economy is time is very important. Great men and women use their moments most profitably and economically. It is through this method that they have invented great things, discovered wonderful things and left their footprints on the sands of time. Even our spare time should be wisely used. It should be utilized in pursuit of healthy and meaningful hobbies. We may study bookies, learn music, play with children, grow a garden, learn to do something new and useful in our leisure. Time cannot be [continues].

The Presence and Justification of Autoeroticism in The Rocking-Horse Wi

D.H. Lawrence’s writings often mirror elements of his own life, though they contain decidedly fictitious components. The characters in Lawrence’s The Rocking- Horse Winner closely resemble his own family. Like Paul, Lawrence was seeking a way out of the misfortune of pre-war London living. Unlike Lawrence, Paul is already well-to-do. Paul’s search consists of a yearning for affection and acceptance. In The Rocking-Horse Winner a young boy finds a certain calling within himself that serves to vastly improve the standing of his entire family. However, Paul’s supernatural ability to choose the winners of horse races is but a cursory assessment of the story’s secrets. Digging deeper, the reader becomes aware of a darker meaning to Paul’s wild rides. There are two things are revealed throughout Paul’s character development; first, that he is seeking his mother’s affection. Secondly, in doing so, there is an apparent autoeroticis m linked to his seemingly innocent rocking-horse. Chief in the comprehension of Paul’s longing for motherly affection is having an understanding of Paul’s mother. She is generally a detached woman. Cold by most accounts, even her own, â€Å"only she herself [knows] that at the center of her heart [is] a hard little place that [can] not feel love, no, not for anybody† (Lawrence, 559). Paul’s mother feels the three children are a burden on an already cash strapped and unfulfilling relationship with her husband. Therefore, she is phony and removed where they are concerned. â€Å"She [has] bonny children, yet she [feels] they [have] been thrust upon her, and she [can] not love them [†¦] when her children [are] present, she always [feels] the center of her heart go hard† (Lawrence, 559). Symptoms of post-partum depr... ...nt Psychology: Individual Bases of Adolescent Development. Ed. Richard M. Lerner and Laurence D. Steinber. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 576-81. Print Gioia, Dana. "The Rocking-Horse Winner." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. By X. J. Kennedy. 11th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2010. 556-63. Print. Isaacs, Neil D. â€Å"The Autoerotic Metaphor in Joyce, Sterne, Lawrence, Stevens, and Whitman.† Literature and Psychology. 15th ed. 1965. 98-102. Print. Kazdin, Alan E. "Oedipus Complex." Encyclopedia of Psychology. Vol. 5. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 2000. 494-96. Print. Lamson, Roy, et al., eds. â€Å"Critical Analysis of ‘The Rocking-Horse Winner.’† The Critical Reader. Rev. ed. New York: Norton, 1962. 52-6. Print. Widmer, Kingsley. The Art of Perversity. Seattle: Washington UP, 1962. Print.